Docosahexaenoic Acid
Jan 2, 2025
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): What is it?
Other names: DHA.
Mechanism of action:
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a poly-unsaturated fatty acid found in the phospholipids of neuronal cell membranes. For this reason, there is evidence for it as beneficiary for cognitive and visual development and function. There is also evidence for DHA having a role in innate immunity as an M2 macrophage regulator.
Common indications/uses:
DHA is not found in high concentrations in a normal human diet and is therefore taken as a supplement either separately or can be in fish oil supplements. It is often taken along with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Like fish oil, DHA as a supplement is recommended for cognitive and psychological disorders as well as heart disease.
Dosing:
Hyperlipidemia: 1.5 g/day.
Breastfeeding women: 200–300 mg/day.
It is recommended to take DHA in conjunction with EPA, and they are often sold as a combined supplement.
Evidence:Fatty acids are known to be beneficial for cognitive development. DHA in particular is a component of phospholipids found in neuronal cell membranes.DHA is not readily produced in large quantities from its precursor alpha linoleic acid in the human body, so intake in the diet or supplementation are required to maintain adequate levels.A study by Kawano et al. found that DHA upregulates krüppel-like factor-4 which is involved in the regulation of macrophage polarization. This in turn shows some involvement of DHA in the MAP kinase pathway of M2 macrophages and innate immunity.Safety concerns:Adverse reactions: Fishy taste, abdominal upset, and increased risk of bleeding have been reported with use of fish oil and DHA/EPA supplements.Drug interactions:May interact with antihypertensive, anticoagulant, and antiplatelet drugs.
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