Evidence

Evidence

• In vitro and animal models indicate that anxiolytic activity is due to valerenic acid (VA) which could be inhibited by derivatives such as hydroxy-VA that do not modulate GABAA receptors.

• VA in animals inhibits the enzyme system responsible for central catabolism of GABA, increasing GABA concentration and decreasing CNS activity, and direct binding of this constituent to GABA-receptors has been demonstrated.

• VA interaction with the GABAergic system has been noted to act in a manner similar to that of benzodiazepines. Sesquiterpenes and valepotriates were identified as having varying levels of antidepressant activity.

• Chronic treatment of rodents with valepotriate-rich extract increased norepinephrine and dopamine levels.

• Valerian exhibits antispasmodic and hypotensive effects via potassium channel activation, which may be useful in gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders.

• Valerian also exhibited a protective effect against vasopressin-induced coronary spasm and pressor response, suggesting coronary and systemic vasodilation.

• In healthy volunteers, valerian was found to modulate intracortical facilitatory circuits. Valerian iridoids may have choleretic activity and this may increase the risk of gallstone formation, and therefore explain the increased risk for the development of acute pancreatitis.

Precautions:

• Valerian might also cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Taking large amounts of valerian along with alcohol, sedative medications such as benzodiazepines, might cause too much sleepiness.

Interactions:

• Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) substrates. Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Valerian might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications.

• Taking valerian along with some medications that are broken down by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of some medications.