Glutathione
Jan 2, 2025
Glutathione
Other names: (2S)-2-Amino-5-({(2R)-1-[(carboxymethyl)amino]-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl}amino)-5-oxopentanoic acid, γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine (2S)-2-amino-4-(((1R)-1-[(carboxymethyl)carbamoyl]-2-sulfanylethyl)carbamoyl)butanoic acid.
Mechanism of action:
Glutathione is a tripeptide (cysteine, glutamate, and glycine).
Critical roles include:
Direct neutralization of singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide radicals
Cofactor for antioxidant enzymes
Regeneration of vitamins C and E
Neutralization of free radicals from Phase I liver metabolism of chemical toxins
One of ~7 liver Phase II reactions, conjugating activated intermediates from Phase I to make them water-soluble for kidney excretion.
Transportation of mercury out of cells and the brain
Regulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis
Vital to mitochondrial function and mtDNA maintenance
Common indications/uses:
Used for antioxidant power and as a detoxification agent.
Low levels associated with: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, COPD, asthma, HIV, hypertension, myocardial infarction, macular degeneration, glaucoma, cystic fibrosis, and aging.
Direct administration has been proven effective in these diseases.
Dosing: Insufficient data to recommend.
Evidence (by indication): Insufficient data to recommend.
Safety concerns:
Long-term use linked to low zinc levels.
Inhaled glutathione can cause wheezing and exacerbate asthma.
Safety during pregnancy is unknown.
Adverse reactions: Insufficient data to recommend.
Drug interactions: Insufficient data to recommend.
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